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KMID : 0377619670130020193
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Korean Jungang Medical Journal
1967 Volume.13 No. 2 p.193 ~ p.211
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The Study on the Reversibility of Experimental Cholesterol - Atherosclerosis in Young Rabbits
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Abstract
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Arteriosclerosis in elderly persons is a well known condition through a lot of investigations using human materials and animal experiments on the pathogenesis and treatment. But the study on arteriosclerosis in young persons was rare, and recently has been increasingly reported. At first Zeek (1930) collected 98 necropsied cases under 20 years of age in the world literature and reviewed the most comprehensive study of juvenile arteriosclerosis. Following her study, investigators have been enormously interested; Willius and Smith(1933) reported on the incidence and the degree of coronary and aortic sclerosis in 5060 post-mortem examinations under 9 years of age; Stryker(1946), Gruenwals(1949) and Cochrane and Browden(1954) on the incidence and morphology of coronary arteries and aortas in necropsied cases of still birth. More recently in Korea, Kim and Shin(1963) studied histochemical changes in the fetal arteries of Koreans with 76 necropsied cases of still birth, under 40 weeks gestation and Pak(1965) collected 207 necropsied cases under 31 years of age and studied the histochemical changes of arteries of Koreans.
The reversibility of human atherosclerosis is, of course, a vital question. Despite the difficult problem of reversibility in humans with clinically evident atherosclerosis, the question whether or rot it is possible for experimentally induced atherosclerotic plaques to be resorbed has been investigated several times. Leary(1934) supported the observation of Anitschkow(1933) that withdrawal of cholesterol from cholesterol-fed rabbits was followed by a gradual disappearance of lipid from the plaques. Bragdon(1952) noted the spontaneous atherosclerosis of suckling rabbits disappears after weaning, and Pollak(1953) successfully prevented hypercholesterolemia and atherosclerosis in rabbits by the simultaneous administration of cholesterol and sitosterol. Investigators(Dury, 1956; Chakravarti, 1956; Willis, 1957) induced regression or complete absence of aortic atherosclerosis by cortisone therapy, thyroid and estrogen therapy to rabbits, and vitamin C thereapy in scorbutic guinea pigs. McMillan and his colleagues (1955) also noted that histological reorganization of plaques but no decrease in arterial lipid content was detected chemically in animals killed at intervals up to six months. They attributed this to the persistence of hyperlipemia, the etiological mechanism in their experimental procedure.
Recently Taylor et al. (1961) have brought strong support to the reversibility of human atherosclerosis, and then contended that cholesterol plaques should be thought of as resorbable "foreign material." Rustein et al. (1958) have provided probably the only acceptable human data on the reversibility of human atherosclerosis using tissue culture technique.
It is interesting that Rustein found that the deposition of lipid was completely inhibited by the simultaneous addition of linolenic acid and potentiated by the addition of stearic acid.
The majority of the studies have dealt mainly with atherosclerosis of elderly persons and adult animals, and moreover, very little attention has been paid to the probable mechanism of the development of arteriosclerosis in young persons and also young animals. Therefore, a study of the pattern of atheroma in young rabbits and of the serum cholesterol content seems to be appropriate and important. Furthermore, there are still a few different theories as to the mode of action of the various factors in the pathogenesis of reversibility, particularly in young rabbits.
The purpose of this study is to characterize the patterns and nature of atheroma in induced cholesterol atherosclerosis and after withdrawal of cholesterol feeding particularly in young rabbits. It seeks to clarify the degree of hypercholesterolemia in relation to the degree of production of atheroma and also whether or not it is possible for induced cholesterol atherosclerotic plaques to be resorbed in young rabbits.
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